https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/530678807
Ansible是一款为类Unix系统开发的自由开源的配置和自动化工具。
它用Python写成，类似于saltstack和Puppet，但是有一个不同和优点是我们不需要在节点中安装任何客户端。
它使用SSH来和节点进行通信。Ansible基于 Python paramiko 开发，分布式，无需客户端，轻量级，配置语法使用 YMAL 及 Jinja2模板语言，更强的远程命令执行操作。
我们可以看到上面的红帽标志，红帽公司于2015年10月收购了ansible，而ansible成立于2013年。
1、部署简单，没有客户端，只需在主控端部署Ansible环境，被控端无需做任何操作；
2. 模块化：调用特定的模块，完成特定任务
3. 默认使用SSH协议对设备进行管理；
4. 主从集中化管理；
5、配置简单、功能强大、扩展性强；
6、支持API及自定义模块，可通过Python轻松扩展；
7、通过Playbooks来定制强大的配置、状态管理
8. 对云计算平台、大数据都有很好的支持；
9. 具有幂等性：一个操作在一个主机上执行一遍和执行N遍的结果是一样的
ansible是基于模块工作的，本身没有批量部署的能力。真正具有批量部署的是ansible所运行的模块，ansible只是提供一种框架。主要包括：
(1)、连接插件connection plugins：负责和被监控端实现通信；
(2)、host inventory：指定操作的主机，是一个配置文件里面定义监控的主机；
(3)、各种模块核心模块、command模块、自定义模块；
(4)、借助于插件完成记录日志邮件等功能；
(5)、playbook：剧本执行多个任务时，非必需可以让节点一次性运行多个任务
Ansible 在管理节点将 Ansible 模块通过 SSH 协议推送到被管理端执行，执行完之后自动删除，可以使用 SVN 等来管理自定义模块及编排
由图可以看出Ansible的组成由一下模块组成：
Ansible： ansible的核心模块
Host Inventory：主机清单，也就是被管理的主机列表
Playbooks：ansible的剧本，可想象为将多个任务放置在一起，一块执行
Core Modules：ansible的核心模块
Custom Modules：自定义模块
Connection Plugins：连接插件，用于与被管控主机之间基于SSH建立连接关系
Plugins：其他插件，包括记录日志等
Ansible仓库默认不在yum仓库中，因此我们需要使用下面的命令启用epel仓库
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# yum install epel-release -y
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# yum install ansible
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible --version
ansible 2.9.18
ansible的命令参数
anisble命令语法： ansible [-i 主机文件] [-f 批次] [组名] [-m 模块名称] [-a 模块参数]
ansible-doc 详细参数
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible-doc -l
列出所有模块列表
指定查看某个模块的参数
ansible-doc -s 模块名字
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible-doc -s onyx_ospf
- name: Manage OSPF protocol on Mellanox ONYX network devices
onyx_ospf:
interfaces: # List of interfaces and areas. Required if `state=present'.
ospf: # (required) OSPF instance number 1-65535
router_id: # OSPF router ID. Required if `state=present'.
state: # OSPF state.
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible-doc -s service
- name: Manage services
service:
arguments: # Additional arguments provided on the command line.
enabled: # Whether the service should start on boot. *At least one of
state and enabled are
required.*
name: # (required) Name of the service.
pattern: # If the service does not respond to the status command,
name a substring to look
for as would be found in
the output of the `ps'
command as a stand-in for a
status result. If the
string is found, the
service will be assumed to
be started.
runlevel: # For OpenRC init scripts (e.g. Gentoo) only. The runlevel
that this service belongs
to.
sleep: # If the service is being `restarted' then sleep this many
seconds between the stop
格式：
ansible基于ssh连接-i （inventory）参数后指定的远程主机时，也可以写端口，用户，密码。
如：
ansible_ssh_port: 指定ssh端口 ansible_ssh_user:指定 ssh 用户 ansible_ssh_pass: 指定 ssh 用户登录是认证密码（明文密码不安全） ansible_sudo_pass: 指明 sudo 时候的密码
添加的内容如下：
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# grep -v ^# /etc/ansible/hosts |grep -v ^$
[web-servers]
192.168.1.163 ansible_ssh_port=22 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=12345678
[root@itlaoxin16直接添加到文件文末就可以；
测试主机的连通性
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts web-servers -m ping
[WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, us
see details
192.168.1.163 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
查看组下所有的IP：
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible all --list
[WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use
-vvvv to see details
hosts (1):
192.168.1.163
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]#设置密钥
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:CWdEZJbtzH4+ypeXe80jPnBr9UX/0yChZtX5DCjKckg root@itlaoxin162
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
| o*o |
| +. . |
| . o+ o . |
| E+ .= + + .|
| . oSo + . =.|
| o + =.o...=|
| o o oooo+*|
| . ==ooB|
| ooo++oo|
+----[SHA256]-----+
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]#
拷贝密钥并测试
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ssh-copy-id root@192.168.1.163
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.1.163's password:
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'root@192.168.1.163'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
**登陆测试：**
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ssh 192.168.1.163
Last login: Wed Apr 21 08:13:14 2021 from 192.168.1.16271服务器也发送密钥
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ssh-copy-id root@192.168.1.71
修改hosts
vim /etc/ansible/hosts
查看配置文件中刚刚修改的内容
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# grep -v "^#" /etc/ansible/hosts |grep -v "^$"
[web-servers]
192.168.1.163
192.168.1.71ansible远程执行命令测试
ping模块 主要用来检测网络的连通性
command模块，执行shell命令
使用ping检查‘web-servers’或者ansible节点的连通性。
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts 'web-servers' -m ping
[WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use
-vvvv to see details
192.168.1.163 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
192.168.1.71 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]#
这条命令我们也可以不指定hosts,效果是一样的，我们只要指定组即可
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible 'web-servers' -m ping
[WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use
-vvvv to see details
192.168.1.71 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
192.168.1.163 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]#
有时候我们为了方便阅读也把主机组名写在最后面
web-servers 这个组名，放在最后面
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -m command -a "uptime" 'web-servers'
[WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use
-vvvv to see details
192.168.1.71 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
08:37:28 up 11 min, 3 users, load average: 0.02, 0.15, 0.17
192.168.1.163 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
08:37:28 up 1:58, 5 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]#
案例1： 检查节点的内存情况
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -m command -a "free -m " 'web-servers'
[WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use
-vvvv to see details
192.168.1.71 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 3770 826 2283 15 661 2709
Swap: 2047 0 2047
192.168.1.163 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 3770 892 1076 38 1802 2588
Swap: 2047 0 2047
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]#
案例2：给节点增加用户
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -m command -a "useradd itoldxin" 'web-servers'
[WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use
-vvvv to see details
192.168.1.71 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
192.168.1.163 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]#
查看是否创建用户成功
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -m command -a "id itoldxin" 'web-servers'
[WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use
-vvvv to see details
192.168.1.71 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
uid=1001(itoldxin) gid=1001(itoldxin) 组=1001(itoldxin)
192.168.1.163 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
uid=1001(itoldxin) gid=1001(itoldxin) 组=1001(itoldxin)
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]#
1） ansible的3个远程模块的区别
使用scripts模块可以在本地写一个脚本，在远程服务器上执行
案例1：使用shell模块的案例
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts web-servers -m shell -a "source ~/.bash_profile && df -h|head -n 1"
[WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use
-vvvv to see details
192.168.1.71 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
192.168.1.163 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]#
注意： shell也可以把一个脚本copy到远程端然后再执行，但这样的话就需要调用两次ansible，所以script的出现就解决了这个问题；
案例2：使用script 模块
先写一个脚本：
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# cat !$
cat /etc/ansible/test.sh
#!/bin/bash
date
hostname
echo "大家好，我是互联网老辛，脚本执行成功"
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# 执行查看结果：
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts web-servers -m copy -a "src=/etc/hosts dest=/root owner=root group=root mode=0777"
[WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use
-vvvv to see details
192.168.1.71 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"checksum": "700a03c76a37e929d448b3be6419f4289d9314e6",
"dest": "/root/hosts",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "138004edd9d16f2818e20842fc1f273d",
"mode": "0777",
"owner": "root",
"secontext": "system_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0",
"size": 183,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1618966980.44-20046-203314294949142/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
192.168.1.163 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"checksum": "700a03c76a37e929d448b3be6419f4289d9314e6",
"dest": "/root/hosts",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "138004edd9d16f2818e20842fc1f273d",
"mode": "0777",
"owner": "root",
"secontext": "system_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0",
"size": 183,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1618966980.45-20045-254958397204815/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]#
可以看到已经执行成功
2） copy模块的使用
copy模块:实现主控端向目标主机拷贝文件，类似scp功能
案例1： 把ansible主机的/etc/hosts 拷贝到主机组机器中的/root/下
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts web-servers -m copy -a "src=/etc/hosts dest=/root owner=root group=root mode=0777"
[WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use
-vvvv to see details
192.168.1.71 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"checksum": "700a03c76a37e929d448b3be6419f4289d9314e6",
"dest": "/root/hosts",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "138004edd9d16f2818e20842fc1f273d",
"mode": "0777",
"owner": "root",
"secontext": "system_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0",
"size": 183,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1618966980.44-20046-203314294949142/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
192.168.1.163 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"checksum": "700a03c76a37e929d448b3be6419f4289d9314e6",
"dest": "/root/hosts",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "138004edd9d16f2818e20842fc1f273d",
"mode": "0777",
"owner": "root",
"secontext": "system_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0",
"size": 183,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1618966980.45-20045-254958397204815/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]#
查看是否执行成功：
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -m command -a "ls /root/hosts" 'web-servers'
[WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use
-vvvv to see details
192.168.1.71 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
/root/hosts
192.168.1.163 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
/root/hosts
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# 注意： command 不能使用ll命令，但可以使用ls -l的命令
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -m command -a "ls -l /root/hosts" 'web-servers'
[WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use
-vvvv to see details
192.168.1.71 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 183 4月 21 09:03 /root/hosts
192.168.1.163 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 183 4月 21 09:03 /root/hosts
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]#
案例5 给文件设置权限
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts web-servers -m file -a "path=/root/hosts mode=0755"
[WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use
-vvvv to see details
192.168.1.71 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0755",
"owner": "root",
"path": "/root/hosts",
"secontext": "system_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0",
"size": 183,
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
192.168.1.163 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0755",
"owner": "root",
"path": "/root/hosts",
"secontext": "system_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0",
"size": 183,
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]#
查看权限：
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -m command -a "ls -l /root/hosts" 'web-servers'
[WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use
-vvvv to see details
192.168.1.71 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 183 4月 21 09:03 /root/hosts
192.168.1.163 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 183 4月 21 09:03 /root/hosts
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]#
案例6 获取文件信息
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts web-servers -m stat -a "path=/root/hosts"
[WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use
-vvvv to see details
192.168.1.71 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": false,
"stat": {
"atime": 1618966982.400622,
"attr_flags": "",
"attributes": [],
"block_size": 4096,
"blocks": 8,
"charset": "us-ascii",
"checksum": "700a03c76a37e929d448b3be6419f4289d9314e6",
"ctime": 1618967480.9315438,
"dev": 64768,
"device_type": 0,
"executable": true,
"exists": true,
"gid": 0,
"gr_name": "root",
"inode": 78337,
"isblk": false,
"ischr": false,
"isdir": false,
"isfifo": false,
"isgid": false,
"islnk": false,
"isreg": true,
"issock": false,
"isuid": false,
"mimetype": "text/plain",
"mode": "0755",
"mtime": 1618966981.7806218,
"nlink": 1,
"path": "/root/hosts",
"pw_name": "root",
"readable": true,
"rgrp": true,
"roth": true,
"rusr": true,
"size": 183,
"uid": 0,
"version": "693378940",
"wgrp": false,
"woth": false,
"writeable": true,
"wusr": true,
"xgrp": true,
"xoth": true,
"xusr": true
}
}
192.168.1.163 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": false,
"stat": {
"atime": 1618966982.6472814,
"attr_flags": "",
"attributes": [],
"block_size": 4096,
"blocks": 8,
"charset": "us-ascii",
"checksum": "700a03c76a37e929d448b3be6419f4289d9314e6",
"ctime": 1618967481.0644567,
"dev": 64768,
"device_type": 0,
"executable": true,
"exists": true,
"gid": 0,
"gr_name": "root",
"inode": 33662547,
"isblk": false,
"ischr": false,
"isdir": false,
"isfifo": false,
"isgid": false,
"islnk": false,
"isreg": true,
"issock": false,
"isuid": false,
"mimetype": "text/plain",
"mode": "0755",
"mtime": 1618966982.176287,
"nlink": 1,
"path": "/root/hosts",
"pw_name": "root",
"readable": true,
"rgrp": true,
"roth": true,
"rusr": true,
"size": 183,
"uid": 0,
"version": "1103139934",
"wgrp": false,
"woth": false,
"writeable": true,
"wusr": true,
"xgrp": true,
"xoth": true,
"xusr": true
}
}
实现远程主机下载指定的url地址，支持sha256sum文件校验
案例7
ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts web-servers -m get_url -a "url=https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm dest=/tmp/ mode=0440 force=yes"注：url=https://xxx 的等号=前后不能有空格
扩展:查看force=yes的作用
yum模块linux平台软件包管理。
yum模块可以提供的status状态： latest ，present，installed #这三个代表安装；removed, absent #这两个是卸载
案例8 使用yum模块安装httpd
ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts web-servers -m yum -a “name=httpd state=latest”
案例9： 增加每30分钟执行 echo"我是互联网老辛"
ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts web-servers -m cron -a “name=‘list dir’ minute=’*/30’ job=‘echo 我是互联网老辛”’”
service模块常用参数：
（1）、name参数：此参数用于指定需要操作的服务名称，比如 nginx，httpd。
（2）、state参数：此参数用于指定服务的状态
比如，我们想要启动远程主机中的httpd，则可以将 state 的值设置为 started；
如果想要停止远程主机中的服务，则可以将 state 的值设置为 stopped。
此参数的可用值有 started、stopped、restarted（重启）、reloaded。
enabled参数：此参数用于指定是否将服务设置为开机 启动项，设置为 yes 表示将对应服务设置为开机启动，设置为 no 表示不会开机启动。
注：想使用service模块启动服务，被启动的服务，必须可以使用service 命令启动或关闭
案例10 使用service模块重启httpd
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts web-servers -m service -a "name=httpd state=restarted"
案例11： 使用user模块创建一个用户itlaoxin
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts web-servers -m user -a "name=itlaoxin state=present"
[WARNING]: Invalid characters were found in group names but not replaced, use
-vvvv to see details
192.168.1.71 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"comment": "",
"create_home": true,
"group": 1002,
"home": "/home/itlaoxin",
"name": "itlaoxin",
"shell": "/bin/bash",
"state": "present",
"system": false,
"uid": 1002
}
192.168.1.163 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"comment": "",
"create_home": true,
"group": 1002,
"home": "/home/itlaoxin",
"name": "itlaoxin",
"shell": "/bin/bash",
"state": "present",
"system": false,
"uid": 1002
}
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]#
playbooks的介绍
1） 在playbooks 中定义任务：
- name： task description #任务描述信息
module_name: module_args #需要使用的模块名字： 模块参数
2） ansible-playbook 执行 命令：
ansible-playbook site.yml
3.playbook是由一个或多个"play"组成的列表。play的主要功能在于将事先归为一组的主机装扮成事先通过ansible中的task定义好的角色。
先介绍下： Playbook常用文件夹作用：
搭建思路
思路：我们搭建lanp架构，大概需要:
yum 安装服务
service 启动
copy 把网站拷贝过去
在playbooks 中定义任务：
name： task description #任务描述信息
module_name: module_args #需要使用的模块名字：
使用Playbook批量部署多台LAMP环境步骤
我们可以在ansible服务器上安装LAMP环境，然后，再将配置文件通过ansible拷贝到远程主机上
第一步：安装httpd软件
[root@ansible ~]# yum -y install httpd -y
第二部：安装MySQL
[root@ansible ~]# yum install mariadb-server mariadb -y #安装mysql服务
[root@ansible ~]# mkdir -p /mysqldata/data/ #创建目录作为数据存放的位置
[root@ansible ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /mysqldata/ #授权
[root@ansible ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf #改变数据存放目录改：
2 datadir=/var/lib/mysql
改为：2 datadir=/mydata/data/
[root@ansible data]# systemctl start mariadb
第三步：安装PHP和php-mysql模块
[root@ansible ~]# yum -y install php php-mysql
第四步：提供php的测试页
[root@ansible ~]# vim /var/www/html/index.php
[root@ansible ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
[root@ansible ~]# systemctl reload httpd #启动httpd服务
httpd测试：http://192.168.43.162
确保已经出现上面的测试页，而且，要看到MySQL已经被整合进来了，才能进行下一步操作
第五；定义组名
[root@ansible ~]# vim /etc/ansible/hosts #还使用之前定义好的，这里不用修改
[webservers]
192.168.1.163
192.168.1.71然后，将公钥信息复制到被控制节点，ansible和两个节点间通过ssh进行连接。下面3个命令之前已经做过，不用执行了。
[root@ansible ~]# ssh-keygen
[root@ansible ~]# ssh-copy-id root@192.168.1.163
[root@ansible ~]# ssh-copy-id root@192.168.1.71
第六：使用playbook创建一个LAMP构建的任务
1、创建相关文件
[root@ansible ~]# mkdir -pv /etc/ansible/lamp/roles/{prepare,httpd,mysql,php}/{tasks,files,templates,vars,meta,default,handlers}我们将上面搭建成功的LAMP环境的httpd和MySQL的配置文件拷贝到对应目录下
2、构建httpd的任务
[root@ansible ansible]# cd /etc/ansible/lamp/roles/
[root@ansible roles]# mv /var/www/html/index.php httpd/files/
[root@ansible roles]# vim httpd/tasks/main.yml
[root@ansible roles]# cat httpd/tasks/main.yml
[root@ansible roles]# cat httpd/tasks/main.yml
- name: web server install
yum: name=httpd state=present #安装httpd服务
- name: provide test page
copy: src=index.php dest=/var/www/html #提供测试页
- name: delete apache config
shell: rm -rf /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf #删除原有的apache配置文件，如果不删除，下面的copy任务是不会执行的，因为当源文件httpd.conf和目标文件一样时，copy命令是不执行的。如果copy命令不执行，那么notify将不调用handler。
- name: provide configuration file
copy: src=httpd.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf #提供httpd的配置文件
notify: restart httpd #当前面的copy复制成功后，通过notify通知名字为restart httpd的handlers运行
3、构建httpd的handlers
[root@ansible roles]# vim httpd/handlers/main.yml
[root@ansible roles]# cat httpd/handlers/main.yml
- name: restart httpd
service: name=httpd enabled=yes state=restarted
[root@ansible roles]#
4、部署我们的MariaDB数据库
创建MySQL服务的任务，需要安装MySQL服务，改变属主信息，启动MySQL
[root@ansible roles]# cd /etc/ansible/lamp/roles/
[root@ansible roles]# vim mysql/tasks/main.yml
[root@ansible roles]# cat mysql/tasks/main.yml
-name: install the mysql
yum: name=mariadb-server state=present #安装mysql服务
- name: mkdir date directory
shell: mkdir -p /mydata/data #创建挂载点目录
- name: provide configration file
copy: src=my.cnf dest=/etc/my.cnf #提供mysql的配置文件
- name: chage the owner
shell: chown -R mysql:mysql /mydata/ #更改属主和属组
- name: start mariadb
service: name=mariadb enabled=yes state=started #启动mysql服务
5、构建PHP的任务
[root@ansible roles]# vim php/tasks/main.yml
- name: install php
yum: name=php state=present #安装php
- name: install php-mysql
yum: name=php-mysql state=present #安装php与mysql交互的插件
6、定义整个的任务
[root@ansible roles]# cd /etc/ansible/lamp/roles/
[root@ansible roles]# vim site.yml
[root@ansible roles]# cat site.yml
- name: LAMP build
remote_user: root
hosts: web-servers
roles:
- prepare
- mysql
- php
- httpd
注：所有yml的配置文件中，空格必须严格对
开始部署：
[root@ansible roles]# ansible-playbook -i /etc/ansible/hosts /etc/ansible/lamp/roles/site.yml然后，在浏览器中访问这两台节点主机，可以直接访问成功.
总结：做此实验室，需要准备干净环境，selinux、防火墙都要关闭
安装git命令
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# yum install git
使用git下载相应的ansible-k8s-insatall 包：
[root@itlaoxin162 ~]# git clone https://github.com/lizhenliang/ansible-install-k8s
正克隆到 'ansible-install-k8s'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 157, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (157/157), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (123/123), done.
remote: Total 157 (delta 46), reused 114 (delta 20), pack-reused 0
接收对象中: 100% (157/157), 150.68 KiB | 110.00 KiB/s, done.
处理 delta 中: 100进入到ansbile-install-k8s目录
修改hosts文件，根据规划修改对应IP和名称。
cd ansible-install-k8s
[root@itlaoxin162 ansible-install-k8s]# vim hosts
[root@itlaoxin162 ansible-install-k8s]# vim group_vars/all.yml 部署命令：
单Master版
ansible-playbook -i hosts single-master-deploy.yml -uroot -k多master版
ansible-playbook -i hosts multi-master-deploy.yml -uroot -k
ansible入门很简单，需要反复练习，才能熟练。
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