Smartctl（S.M.A.R.T自监控，分析和报告技术）是类Unix下实施SMART任务命令行套件或工具，它用于打印SMART自检和错误日志，启用并禁用SMRAT自动检测，以及初始化设备自检。
Smartctl对于Linux物理服务器非常有用，在这些服务器上，可以智能的对磁盘进行错误检查，并将硬件RAID相关的磁盘信息摘录下来。
在Linux上很早就有了SMART支持了。如果把Linux装在VMware等虚拟机上，在系统启动时可以看到有个服务启动报错：smartd
这个服务就是smart的daemon进程（因为VMware虚拟机的硬盘不支持SMART，所以报错）
首先通过dmesg工具，确认一下硬盘的设备符号
hdb中的h代表IDE，如果显示位sdb，则代表SATA和SCSI。
最后一个字幕b代表Primary总线，第二块硬盘即Slave位置
下面是一些常用的smartctl命令：
| 命令 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| -i | 指定设备 |
| -d | 指定设备类型，例如：ata，scsi，marvell，sat，3ware，N |
| -a或A | 显示所有信息 |
| -l | 指定日志类型，例如：TYPE：error，selftest，selecttive，directory，background，scttemp[sts,hist] |
| -H | 查看硬盘健康状态 |
| -t short | 后台检测硬盘，消耗时间短 |
| -t long | 后台检测硬盘，消耗时间长 |
| -C -t short | 前台检测硬盘，消耗时间短 |
| -C -t long | 前台检测硬盘，消耗时间长 |
| -X | 中断后台检测硬盘 |
| -l selftest | 显示硬盘检测日志 |
首先应确认硬盘是否打开了SMART支持 smartctl -i /dev/sda
[root@A01-R04-I255-59 bjzhangxinglong]# smartctl -i /dev/sda smartctl 5.43 2012-06-30 r3573 [x86_64-linux-2.6.32-504.16.2.el6.x86_64] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-12 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net Vendor: DELL Product: PERC H710P Revision: 3.13 User Capacity: 1,197,759,004,672 bytes [1.19 TB] Logical block size: 512 bytes Logical Unit id: 0x6b083fe0c1c7230020b080c10502c367 Serial number: 0067c30205c180b0200023c7c1e03f08 Device type: disk Local Time is: Tue Dec 22 15:10:01 2020 CST Device does not support SMART
如果看到不支持这需要我们手动开启支持
smartctl --smart=on --offlineauto=on --saveauto=on
命令：smartctl -a /dev/sda
smartctl 5.39 2008-10-24 22:33 [x86_64-suse-linux-gnu] (openSUSE RPM)
Copyright (C) 2002-8 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net
Device: SEAGATE ST9146803SS Version: 0006 #硬件厂商
Serial number: 6SD2A3ZZ0000B127LJJM #硬盘序列号
Device type: disk
Transport protocol: SAS #接口类型
Local Time is: Fri Mar 4 16:58:30 2016 CST
Device supports SMART and is Enabled #是否支持smart管理，有的不支持
Temperature Warning Enabled
SMART Health Status: OK #健康状态ok
Current Drive Temperature: 21 C #当前温度
Drive Trip Temperature: 68 C #此温度是啥？有待考证
Elements in grown defect list: 0
Vendor (Seagate) cache information
Blocks sent to initiator = 1044970503
Blocks received from initiator = 2476401867
Blocks read from cache and sent to initiator = 106869375
Number of read and write commands whose size <= segment size = 364621421
Number of read and write commands whose size > segment size = 0
Vendor (Seagate/Hitachi) factory information
number of hours powered up = 37638.07
number of minutes until next internal SMART test = 54
Error counter log:
Errors Corrected by Total Correction Gigabytes Total
ECC rereads/ errors algorithm processed uncorrected
fast | delayed rewrites corrected invocations [10^9 bytes] errors
read: 15099690 0 0 15099690 15099690 2734.048 0
write: 0 0 0 0 0 71719.613 0
verify: 10434 0 0 10434 10434 0.000 0
Non-medium error count: 0
[GLTSD (Global Logging Target Save Disable) set. Enable Save with '-S on']
No self-tests have been logged
Long (extended) Self Test duration: 3600 seconds [60.0 minutes]