正文
背景
现在经常有一些不能上网的LInux机器但是需要安装一些软件.
但是有时候经常因为有依赖关系找不到的情况比较麻烦.
或者是一些公司的网络总是受限,网络速度非常慢.
下载安装非常折磨人.
这个时候就需要从能够上网的机器拉取 rpm包进行处理.
但是此时经常有两个问题.
1. 拉取的架构可能不兼容.
2. 拉取的rpm包可能用来关系不完整
基于此, 需要寻找一下解决方案.
常用解决方案
最常用的下载方式有:
yum --downloadonly --downloaddir
yumdownloader xxx
如果需要解决依赖关系可能需要使用
yumdownloader ansible --resolve
但是这一个好像有一点不太一样的地方. 跟已经安装的软件多少有关系
可能会下载不完整.
还需要注意需要使用这个工具:
yum install yum-utils -y
repotrack的解决方案
首先可以查看是什么软件带这个命令:
yum provides repotrack
可以发现:
centos7的是 yum-utils*
centos8的是 dnf-plugins-core*
如果需要可以安装着两个软件 再进行处理.
查看帮助
最近学习过程中发现自己最大的缺点是动不动就想搜索解决问题.
其实最快最好的解决问题的方法是查看帮助 man 或者是 -h
通过快速查看帮助文档可以快速解决问题.
常用命令
mkdir -p /fio/x86_64
mkdir -p /fio/aarch64
cd /fio/x86_64
repotrack fio --forcearch x86_64
cd /fio/aarch64
repotrack fio --forcearch aarch64
注意如果默认的repo没有可能无法下载.
还可以指定repo
下载常用的repo
我这边还是放到了 /etc/yum.repos.d/下面
然后进行了一些简单处理.
可以使用 yum repolist 查看具体的repo
然后使用如下命令获取部分下载路径.
repotrack fio --repoid AppStream --forcearch x86_64 --urls
注意 在银河麒麟上面他的releasever 的版本是 10 与 CentOS是不一样的.
需要单独处理
sed -i 's/$releasever/8.5.2111/g' Centos-8.repo
但是银河麒麟依旧有一些与CentOS8的冲突没有解决掉.
建议还是找一个能上外网的同发行版的机器进行验证.
附件查看帮助
[root@gscloud-app-kunpeng-arm ansible_x86_64]# repotrack -h
usage: dnf download [-c [config file]] [-q] [-v] [--version]
[--installroot [path]] [--nodocs] [--noplugins]
[--enableplugin [plugin]] [--disableplugin [plugin]]
[--releasever RELEASEVER] [--setopt SETOPTS]
[--skip-broken] [-h] [--allowerasing] [-b | --nobest] [-C]
[-R [minutes]] [-d [debug level]] [--debugsolver]
[--showduplicates] [-e ERRORLEVEL] [--obsoletes]
[--rpmverbosity [debug level name]] [-y] [--assumeno]
[--enablerepo [repo]] [--disablerepo [repo] | --repo
[repo]] [--enable | --disable] [-x [package]]
[--disableexcludes [repo]] [--repofrompath [repo,path]]
[--noautoremove] [--nogpgcheck] [--color COLOR]
[--refresh] [-4] [-6] [--destdir DESTDIR] [--downloadonly]
[--comment COMMENT] [--bugfix] [--enhancement]
[--newpackage] [--security] [--advisory ADVISORY]
[--bz BUGZILLA] [--cve CVES]
[--sec-severity {Critical,Important,Moderate,Low}]
[--forcearch ARCH] [--source] [--debuginfo]
[--debugsource] [--arch [arch]] [--resolve] [--alldeps]
[--url] [--urlprotocols {http,https,rsync,ftp}]
packages [packages ...]
下载软件包至当前目录
General DNF options:
-c [config file], --config [config file]
config file location
-q, --quiet quiet operation
-v, --verbose verbose operation
--version show DNF version and exit
--installroot [path] set install root
--nodocs do not install documentations
--noplugins disable all plugins
--enableplugin [plugin]
enable plugins by name
--disableplugin [plugin]
disable plugins by name
--releasever RELEASEVER
override the value of $releasever in config and repo
files
--setopt SETOPTS set arbitrary config and repo options
--skip-broken resolve depsolve problems by skipping packages
-h, --help, --help-cmd
show command help
--allowerasing allow erasing of installed packages to resolve
dependencies
-b, --best try the best available package versions in
transactions.
--nobest do not limit the transaction to the best candidate
-C, --cacheonly run entirely from system cache, don't update cache
-R [minutes], --randomwait [minutes]
maximum command wait time
-d [debug level], --debuglevel [debug level]
debugging output level
--debugsolver dumps detailed solving results into files
--showduplicates show duplicates, in repos, in list/search commands
-e ERRORLEVEL, --errorlevel ERRORLEVEL
error output level
--obsoletes enables dnf's obsoletes processing logic for upgrade
or display capabilities that the package obsoletes for
info, list and repoquery
--rpmverbosity [debug level name]
debugging output level for rpm
-y, --assumeyes automatically answer yes for all questions
--assumeno automatically answer no for all questions
--enablerepo [repo] Enable additional repositories. List option. Supports
globs, can be specified multiple times.
--disablerepo [repo] Disable repositories. List option. Supports globs, can
be specified multiple times.
--repo [repo], --repoid [repo]
enable just specific repositories by an id or a glob,
can be specified multiple times
--enable, --set-enabled
enable repos with config-manager command
(automatically saves)
--disable, --set-disabled
disable repos with config-manager command
(automatically saves)
-x [package], --exclude [package], --excludepkgs [package]
exclude packages by name or glob
--disableexcludes [repo], --disableexcludepkgs [repo]
disable excludepkgs
--repofrompath [repo,path]
label and path to an additional repository to use
(same path as in a baseurl), can be specified multiple
times.
--noautoremove disable removal of dependencies that are no longer
used
--nogpgcheck disable gpg signature checking (if RPM policy allows)
--color COLOR control whether color is used
--refresh set metadata as expired before running the command
-4 resolve to IPv4 addresses only
-6 resolve to IPv6 addresses only
--destdir DESTDIR, --downloaddir DESTDIR
set directory to copy packages to
--downloadonly only download packages
--comment COMMENT add a comment to transaction
--bugfix Include bugfix relevant packages, in updates
--enhancement Include enhancement relevant packages, in updates
--newpackage Include newpackage relevant packages, in updates
--security Include security relevant packages, in updates
--advisory ADVISORY, --advisories ADVISORY
Include packages needed to fix the given advisory, in
updates
--bz BUGZILLA, --bzs BUGZILLA
Include packages needed to fix the given BZ, in
updates
--cve CVES, --cves CVES
Include packages needed to fix the given CVE, in
updates
--sec-severity {Critical,Important,Moderate,Low}, --secseverity {Critical,Important,Moderate,Low}
Include security relevant packages matching the
severity, in updates
--forcearch ARCH Force the use of an architecture
Download command-specific options:
--source 取而代之下载源代码软件包 src.rpm
--debuginfo 取而代之下载 -debuginfo 软件包
--debugsource download the -debugsource package instead
--arch [arch], --archlist [arch]
限定查询指定架构的软件包
--resolve 解析并下载所需的依赖关系
--alldeps when running with --resolve, download all dependencies
(do not exclude already installed ones)
--url, --urls 打印 rpm 可被下载的 url 列表而不是直接下载
--urlprotocols {http,https,rsync,ftp}
当执行时带有 --url 参数，则限制使用指定协议
packages 将要下载的软件包
