本文演示关于19c RU补丁常见报错问题的分析处理：
[root@db01rac2 media]# /u01/app/19.3.0/grid/OPatch/opatchauto apply /u01/media/ru/34130714
...
/u01/app/19.3.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/core/opatch/opatch2023-01-10_17-40-25PM_1.log
[Jan 10, 2023 5:41:03 PM] [INFO] Patch 34160635:
Copy Action: Source File "/u01/media/ru/34130714/34160635/files/bin/ocrcheck.bin" does not exists or is not readable
'oracle.has.crs, 19.0.0.0.0': Cannot copy file from 'ocrcheck.bin' to '/u01/app/19.3.0/grid/bin/ocrcheck.bin'
...
发现报错，查看log说ocrcheck.bin不存在或不可读，实际查看是不可读。
/u01/app/19.3.0/grid/OPatch/opatchauto resume
实际输出如下：
[root@db01rac2 media]# /u01/app/19.3.0/grid/OPatch/opatchauto resume
OPatchauto session is initiated at Tue Jan 10 17:48:40 2023
Session log file is /u01/app/19.3.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/opatchauto2023-01-10_05-48-40PM.log
Resuming existing session with id CBK3
Start applying binary patch on home /u01/app/19.3.0/grid
Binary patch applied successfully on home /u01/app/19.3.0/grid
Performing postpatch operations on CRS - starting CRS service on home /u01/app/19.3.0/grid
Postpatch operation log file location: /u01/app/grid/crsdata/db01rac2/crsconfig/crs_postpatch_apply_inplace_db01rac2_2023-01-10_05-55-25PM.log
CRS service started successfully on home /u01/app/19.3.0/grid
OPatchAuto successful.
--------------------------------Summary--------------------------------
Patching is completed successfully. Please find the summary as follows:
Host:db01rac2
CRS Home:/u01/app/19.3.0/grid
Version:19.0.0.0.0
Summary:
==Following patches were SUCCESSFULLY applied:
Patch: /u01/media/ru/34130714/33575402
Log: /u01/app/19.3.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/core/opatch/opatch2023-01-10_17-49-00PM_1.log
Patch: /u01/media/ru/34130714/34133642
Log: /u01/app/19.3.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/core/opatch/opatch2023-01-10_17-49-00PM_1.log
Patch: /u01/media/ru/34130714/34139601
Log: /u01/app/19.3.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/core/opatch/opatch2023-01-10_17-49-00PM_1.log
Patch: /u01/media/ru/34130714/34160635
Log: /u01/app/19.3.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/core/opatch/opatch2023-01-10_17-49-00PM_1.log
Patch: /u01/media/ru/34130714/34318175
Log: /u01/app/19.3.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/core/opatch/opatch2023-01-10_17-49-00PM_1.log
OPatchauto session completed at Tue Jan 10 18:00:06 2023
Time taken to complete the session 11 minutes, 27 seconds
[root@db01rac2 media]#
检查补丁应用情况发现DB的补丁未更新
查看RU补丁发现DB的补丁未应用，这是因为DB没有安装数据库，其实在11g时就有这个问题：
[root@db01rac2 media]# su - grid
Last login: Tue Jan 10 20:04:29 CST 2023
[grid@db01rac2 ~]$ $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch lspatches;
34318175;TOMCAT RELEASE UPDATE 19.0.0.0.0 (34318175)
34160635;OCW RELEASE UPDATE 19.16.0.0.0 (34160635)
34139601;ACFS RELEASE UPDATE 19.16.0.0.0 (34139601)
34133642;Database Release Update : 19.16.0.0.220719 (34133642)
33575402;DBWLM RELEASE UPDATE 19.0.0.0.0 (33575402)
OPatch succeeded.
[root@db01rac2 media]# su - oracle
Last login: Tue Jan 10 20:04:30 CST 2023
[oracle@db01rac2 ~]$ $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch lspatches;
29585399;OCW RELEASE UPDATE 19.3.0.0.0 (29585399)
29517242;Database Release Update : 19.3.0.0.190416 (29517242)
OPatch succeeded.
那么在当前暂不需要安装数据库的场景，如何让DB补丁也更新呢？
解决方案两种：
一是应用补丁之前先建一个临时测试库，补丁应用时就会自动应用GI和DB软件的补丁，最后再删掉临时测试库就好。
二是GI应用完成后，再单独指定db的ORACLE_HOME进行应用：
# /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/OPatch/opatchauto apply /u01/media/ru/34130714 -oh /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
需要注意这里，如果你要用grid用户下的opatchauto应用db的home补丁，会报错的：
# /u01/app/19.3.0/grid/OPatch/opatchauto apply /u01/media/ru/34130714 -oh /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
opatchauto must run from one of the homes specified
opatchauto returns with error code = 2
说明必须要用Oracle自己的opatchauto，这也是为啥总是在解压OPatch时，解压到各节点grid和oracle的目录原因，说不定啥场景就要用的到。
最后应用完成后查询成功：
--------------------------------Summary--------------------------------
Patching is completed successfully. Please find the summary as follows:
Host:db01rac1
RAC Home:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
Version:19.0.0.0.0
Summary:
==Following patches were SKIPPED:
Patch: /u01/media/ru/34130714/34139601
Reason: This patch is not applicable to this specified target type - "rac_database"
Patch: /u01/media/ru/34130714/33575402
Reason: This patch is not applicable to this specified target type - "rac_database"
Patch: /u01/media/ru/34130714/34318175
Reason: This patch is not applicable to this specified target type - "rac_database"
==Following patches were SUCCESSFULLY applied:
Patch: /u01/media/ru/34130714/34133642
Log: /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/core/opatch/opatch2023-01-10_21-12-52PM_1.log
Patch: /u01/media/ru/34130714/34160635
Log: /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/core/opatch/opatch2023-01-10_21-12-52PM_1.log
OPatchauto session completed at Tue Jan 10 21:19:41 2023
Time taken to complete the session 8 minutes, 43 seconds
[root@db01rac1 ~]# su - oracle
Last login: Tue Jan 10 21:19:40 CST 2023
[oracle@db01rac1 ~]$ $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch lspatches;
34160635;OCW RELEASE UPDATE 19.16.0.0.0 (34160635)
34133642;Database Release Update : 19.16.0.0.220719 (34133642)
OPatch succeeded.
下面看opatchauto应用DB补丁报错的情况，opatchauto报错信息：
[root@db01rac2 media]# /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/OPatch/opatchauto apply /u01/media/ru/34130714 -oh /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
OPatchauto session is initiated at Tue Jan 10 21:20:19 2023
System initialization log file is /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatchautodb/systemconfig2023-01-10_09-20-28PM.log.
Session log file is /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/opatchauto2023-01-10_09-20-51PM.log
The id for this session is 2SXU
Executing OPatch prereq operations to verify patch applicability on home /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
Patch applicability verification failed on home /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
Execution of [OPatchAutoBinaryAction] patch action failed, check log for more details. Failures:
Patch Target : db01rac2->/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1 Type[rac]
Details: [
---------------------------Patching Failed---------------------------------
Command execution failed during patching in home: /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1, host: db01rac2.
Command failed: /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/OPatch/opatchauto apply /u01/media/ru/34130714 -oh /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1 -target_type rac_database -binary -invPtrLoc /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/oraInst.loc -jre /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/OPatch/jre -persistresult /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/opatchautocfg/db/sessioninfo/sessionresult_analyze_db01rac2_rac_2.ser -analyze -online -prepare_home
Command failure output:
==Following patches FAILED in analysis for apply:
Patch: /u01/media/ru/34130714/34160635
Log: /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/core/opatch/opatch2023-01-10_21-21-11PM_1.log
Reason: Failed during Analysis: /u01/media/ru/34130714/34160635 is not applicable to the oracle home /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
Patch: /u01/media/ru/34130714/34133642
Log: /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/core/opatch/opatch2023-01-10_21-21-11PM_1.log
Reason: Failed during Analysis: /u01/media/ru/34130714/34133642 is not applicable to the oracle home /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
After fixing the cause of failure Run opatchauto resume
]
OPATCHAUTO-68061: The orchestration engine failed.
OPATCHAUTO-68061: The orchestration engine failed with return code 1
OPATCHAUTO-68061: Check the log for more details.
OPatchAuto failed.
OPatchauto session completed at Tue Jan 10 21:21:22 2023
Time taken to complete the session 1 minute, 4 seconds
opatchauto failed with error code 42
[root@db01rac2 media]#
查看日志：
Possible causes are:
ORACLE_HOME/inventory/oneoffs/34133642 is corrupted.
PatchObject constructor: Input file "/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/inventory/oneoffs/34133642/etc/config/actions" or "/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/inventory/oneoffs/34133642/etc/config/inventory" does not exist.
这里确认确实节点2现在没有这个34133642的目录，但是查看已成功应用补丁的节点1是有的。
在想要不要copy过来，是否可行？
另外从ru的补丁介质中也有这两个文件，但是md5比对，和节点1的还不一样，主要是actions.xml不一样。
还是查下MOS吧，果然找到：
提到还是从成功应用补丁的节点拷贝这个目录：
- Execute opatch lsinventory in node1 in which patch was applied successfully to verify patch is there (32545013)
- If patch was applied successfully, you will need to take a backup of "ORACLE_HOME/inventory/oneoffs/32545013" and then copy the directory from node1 to node2.
- Try running opatch lsinventory again.
- If, inventory is showing details and patch applied, proceed with Post-Installation Instructions.
既然有了官方依据，那就从节点1拷贝报错缺少的34133642目录到节点2，然后再尝试应用补丁：
[oracle@db01rac1 oneoffs]$ scp -r 34133642 db01rac2:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/inventory/oneoffs
inventory.xml 100% 904KB 77.5MB/s 00:00
actions.xml 100% 6950KB 107.8MB/s 00:00
节点2确认拷贝成功，尝试应用补丁：
[oracle@db01rac2 oneoffs]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/inventory/oneoffs
[oracle@db01rac2 oneoffs]$ cls
-bash: cls: command not found
[oracle@db01rac2 oneoffs]$ ls
29517242 29585399 34133642
[oracle@db01rac2 oneoffs]$ ls -lrth
total 0
drwxr-x--- 4 oracle oinstall 29 Jan 10 09:43 29517242
drwxr-x--- 4 oracle oinstall 29 Jan 10 09:43 29585399
drwxr-xr-x 4 oracle oinstall 29 Jan 10 21:43 34133642
[oracle@db01rac2 oneoffs]$ exit
logout
[root@db01rac2 config]# /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/OPatch/opatchauto apply /u01/media/ru/34130714 -oh /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
OPatchauto session is initiated at Tue Jan 10 21:43:53 2023
System initialization log file is /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatchautodb/systemconfig2023-01-10_09-43-58PM.log.
Session log file is /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/opatchauto2023-01-10_09-44-19PM.log
The id for this session is TPIG
Executing OPatch prereq operations to verify patch applicability on home /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
Patch applicability verified successfully on home /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
Executing patch validation checks on home /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
Patch validation checks successfully completed on home /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
Verifying SQL patch applicability on home /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
No sqlpatch prereq operations are required on the local node for this home
No step execution required.........
Preparing to bring down database service on home /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
No step execution required.........
Performing prepatch operation on home /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
Prepatch operation completed successfully on home /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
Start applying binary patch on home /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
Binary patch applied successfully on home /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
Performing postpatch operation on home /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
Postpatch operation completed successfully on home /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
Preparing home /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1 after database service restarted
No step execution required.........
Trying to apply SQL patch on home /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
No sqlpatch operations are required on the local node for this home
SQL patch applied successfully on home /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
OPatchAuto successful.
--------------------------------Summary--------------------------------
Patching is completed successfully. Please find the summary as follows:
Host:db01rac2
RAC Home:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
Version:19.0.0.0.0
Summary:
==Following patches were SKIPPED:
Patch: /u01/media/ru/34130714/34139601
Reason: This patch is not applicable to this specified target type - "rac_database"
Patch: /u01/media/ru/34130714/33575402
Reason: This patch is not applicable to this specified target type - "rac_database"
Patch: /u01/media/ru/34130714/34318175
Reason: This patch is not applicable to this specified target type - "rac_database"
Patch: /u01/media/ru/34130714/34133642
Log: /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/core/opatch/opatch2023-01-10_21-44-38PM_1.log
Reason: /u01/media/ru/34130714/34133642 is not required to be applied to oracle home /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
==Following patches were SUCCESSFULLY applied:
Patch: /u01/media/ru/34130714/34160635
Log: /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/core/opatch/opatch2023-01-10_21-45-49PM_1.log
OPatchauto session completed at Tue Jan 10 21:46:52 2023
Time taken to complete the session 3 minutes, 0 second
咦，34133642没成功？还是已经成功了？看下日志：
[Jan 10, 2023 9:45:24 PM] [INFO] Prereq "checkForIdenticalPatchInOracleHome" failed.
[Jan 10, 2023 9:45:24 PM] [INFO] The details are:
The following patch(es) are identical patches with patches installed in the Oracle Home.
[ 34133642]
You have already installed same patch(es) with same UPI(s) or same version(s).
日志说之前已经安装成功了，再通过opatch检查下，实际果然安装都成功了：
[oracle@db01rac2 ~]$ $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch lspatches
34160635;OCW RELEASE UPDATE 19.16.0.0.0 (34160635)
34133642;Database Release Update : 19.16.0.0.220719 (34133642)
OPatch succeeded.
嗯，基本RU补丁应用也就这样了，不报错很简单，即使遇到报错，通常解决起来难度也不大。