Deferred Components,官方实现的Flutter代码动态下发的方案。本文主要介绍官方方案的实现细节,探索在国内环境下使用Deferred Components,并且实现了最小验证demo。读罢本文,你就可以实现Dart文件级别代码的动态下发。
Deferred Components是Flutter2.2推出的功能,依赖于Dart2.13新增的对Split AOT编译支持。将可以在运行时每一个可单独下载的Dart库、assets资源包称之为延迟加载组件,即Deferred Components。Flutter代码编译后,所有的业务逻辑都会打包在libapp.so一个文件里。但如果使用了延迟加载,便可以分拆为多个so文件,甚至一个Dart文件也可以编译成一个单独的so文件。
这样带来的好处是显而易见的,可以将一些不常用功能放到单独的so文件中,当用户使用时再去下载,可以大大降低安装包的大小,提高应用的下载转换率。另外,因为Flutter具备了运行时动态下发的能力,这让大家看到了实现Flutter热修复的另一种可能。截止目前来讲,官方的实现方案必须依赖Google Play,虽然也针对中国的开发者给出了不依赖Google Play的自定义方案,但是并没有给出实现细节,市面上也没有自定义实现的文章。本文会先简单介绍官方实现方案,并探究其细节,寻找自定义实现的思路,最终会实现一个最小Demo供大家参考。
2.1.1.引入play core依赖。
dependencies {
implementation "com.google.android.play:core:1.8.0"
}
2.1.2.修改Application类的onCreate方法和attachBaseContext方法。
@Override
protected void onCreate(){
super.onCreate()
// 负责deferred components的下载与安装
PlayStoreDeferredComponentManager deferredComponentManager = new
PlayStoreDeferredComponentManager(this, null);
FlutterInjector.setInstance(new FlutterInjector.Builder()
.setDeferredComponentManager(deferredComponentManager).build());
}
@Override
protected void attachBaseContext(Context base) {
super.attachBaseContext(base);
// Emulates installation of future on demand modules using SplitCompat.
SplitCompat.install(this);
}
2.1.3.修改pubspec.yaml文件。
flutter:
deferred-components:
2.1.4.在flutter工程里新增box.dart和some_widgets.dart两个文件,DeferredBox就是要延迟加载的控件,本例中box.dart被称为一个加载单元,即loading_unit,每一个loading_unit对应唯一的id,一个deferred component可以包含多个加载单元。记得这个概念,后续会用到。
// box.dart
import 'package:flutter/widgets.dart';
/// A simple blue 30x30 box.
class DeferredBox extends StatelessWidget {
DeferredBox() {}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Container(
height: 30,
width: 30,
color: Colors.blue,
);
}
}
import 'box.dart' deferred as box;
class SomeWidget extends StatefulWidget {
@override
_SomeWidgetState createState() => _SomeWidgetState();
}
class _SomeWidgetState extends State<SomeWidget> {
Future<void> _libraryFuture;
@override
void initState() {
//只有调用了loadLibrary方法,才会去真正下载并安装deferred components.
_libraryFuture = box.loadLibrary();
super.initState();
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return FutureBuilder<void>(
future: _libraryFuture,
builder: (BuildContext context, AsyncSnapshot<void> snapshot) {
if (snapshot.connectionState == ConnectionState.done) {
if (snapshot.hasError) {
return Text('Error: ${snapshot.error}');
}
return box.DeferredBox();
}
return CircularProgressIndicator();
},
);
}
}
2.1.5.然后在main.dart里面新增一个跳转到SomeWidget页面的按钮。
Navigator.push(context, MaterialPageRoute(
builder: (context) {
return const SomeWidget();
},
));
2.1.6.terminal里运行 flutter build appbundle 命令。此时,gen_snapshot不会立即去编译app,而是先运行一个验证程序,目的是验证此工程是否符合动态下发dart代码的格式,第一次构建时肯定不会成功,你只需要按照编译提示去修改即可。当全部修改完毕后,会得到最终的.aab类型的安装包。
以上便是官方实现方案的基本步骤,更多细节可以参考官方文档
https://docs.flutter.dev/perf/deferred-components
在将生成的aab安装包上传到Google Play上之前,最好先本地验证一下。
首先你需要下载bundletool,然后依次运行下列命令就可以将aab安装包装在手机上进行最终的验证了。
java -jar bundletool.jar build-apks --bundle=<your_app_project_dir>/build/app/outputs/bundle/release/app-release.aab --output=<your_temp_dir>/app.apks --local-testing
java -jar bundletool.jar install-apks --apks=<your_temp_dir>/app.apks
图1 官方实现方案介绍图
(来源:https://github.com/flutter/flutter/wiki/Deferred-Components)
从官方的实现方案中可以知道,只有调用了loadLibrary方法后,才会去真正执行deferred components的下载与安装工作,现在着重看下此方法的生命周期。
调用完loadLibrary方法后,dart会在内部查询此加载单元的id,并将其一直向下传递,当到达jni层时,jni负责将此加载单元对应的deferred component的名字以及此加载单元id一块传递给
PlayStoreDynamicFeatureManager,此类负责从Google Play Store服务器下载对应的Deferred Components并负责安装。安装完成后会逐层通知,最终告诉dart层,在下一帧渲染时展示动态下发的控件。
梳理了loadLibrary方法调用的生命周期后,只需要自己实现一个类来代替
PlayStoreDynamicFeatureManager的功能即可。在官方方案中具体负责完成PlayStoreDynamicFeatureManager功能的实体类是io.flutter.embedding.engine.deferredcomponents.PlayStoreDeferredComponentManager,其继承自DeferredComponentManager,分析源码得知,它最重要的两个方法是installDeferredComponent和loadDartLibrary。
那基本思路就有了,自己实现一个实体类,继承DeferredComponentManager,实现这两个方法即可。
本例只是最小demo实现,cpu架构采用arm64,且暂不考虑asset-only类型的component。
3.2.1.新增
CustomDeferredComponentsManager类,继承DeferredComponentManager。
3.2.2.实现installDeferredComponent方法,将so文件放到外部SdCard存储里,代码负责将其拷贝到应用的私有存储中,以此来模拟网络下载过程。代码如下:
@Override
public void installDeferredComponent(int loadingUnitId, String componentName) {
String resolvedComponentName = componentName != null ? componentName : loadingUnitIdToComponentNames.get(loadingUnitId);
if (resolvedComponentName == null) {
Log.e(TAG, "Deferred component name was null and could not be resolved from loading unit id.");
return;
}
// Handle a loading unit that is included in the base module that does not need download.
if (resolvedComponentName.equals("") && loadingUnitId > 0) {
// No need to load assets as base assets are already loaded.
loadDartLibrary(loadingUnitId, resolvedComponentName);
return;
}
//耗时操作,模拟网络请求去下载android module
new Thread(
() -> {
//将so文件从外部存储移动到内部私有存储中
boolean result = moveSoToPrivateDir();
if (result) {
//模拟网络下载,添加2秒网络延迟
new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()).postDelayed(
() -> {
loadAssets(loadingUnitId, resolvedComponentName);
loadDartLibrary(loadingUnitId, resolvedComponentName);
if (channel != null) {
channel.completeInstallSuccess(resolvedComponentName);
}
}
, 2000);
} else {
new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()).post(
() -> {
Toast.makeText(context, "未在sd卡中找到so文件", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
if (channel != null) {
channel.completeInstallError(resolvedComponentName, "未在sd卡中找到so文件");
}
if (flutterJNI != null) {
flutterJNI.deferredComponentInstallFailure(loadingUnitId, "未在sd卡中找到so文件", true);
}
}
);
}
}
).start();
}
3.2.3.实现loadDartLibrary方法,可以直接拷贝
PlayStoreDeferredComponentManager类中的此方法,注释已加,其主要作用就是在内部私有存储中找到so文件,并调用FlutterJNI dlopen命令打开so文件。
@Override
public void loadDartLibrary(int loadingUnitId, String componentName) {
if (!verifyJNI()) {
return;
}
// Loading unit must be specified and valid to load a dart library.
//asset-only的component的unit id为-1,不需要加载so文件
if (loadingUnitId < 0) {
return;
}
//拿到so的文件名字
String aotSharedLibraryName = loadingUnitIdToSharedLibraryNames.get(loadingUnitId);
if (aotSharedLibraryName == null) {
// If the filename is not specified, we use dart's loading unit naming convention.
aotSharedLibraryName = flutterApplicationInfo.aotSharedLibraryName + "-" + loadingUnitId + ".part.so";
}
//拿到支持的abi格式--arm64_v8a
// Possible values: armeabi, armeabi-v7a, arm64-v8a, x86, x86_64, mips, mips64
String abi;
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) {
abi = Build.SUPPORTED_ABIS[0];
} else {
abi = Build.CPU_ABI;
}
String pathAbi = abi.replace("-", "_"); // abis are represented with underscores in paths.
// TODO(garyq): Optimize this apk/file discovery process to use less i/o and be more
// performant and robust.
// Search directly in APKs first
List<String> apkPaths = new ArrayList<>();
// If not found in APKs, we check in extracted native libs for the lib directly.
List<String> soPaths = new ArrayList<>();
Queue<File> searchFiles = new LinkedList<>();
// Downloaded modules are stored here--下载的 modules 存储位置
searchFiles.add(context.getFilesDir());
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) {
//第一次通过appbundle形式安装的split apks位置
// The initial installed apks are provided by `sourceDirs` in ApplicationInfo.
// The jniLibs we want are in the splits not the baseDir. These
// APKs are only searched as a fallback, as base libs generally do not need
// to be fully path referenced.
for (String path : context.getApplicationInfo().splitSourceDirs) {
searchFiles.add(new File(path));
}
}
//查找apk和so文件
while (!searchFiles.isEmpty()) {
File file = searchFiles.remove();
if (file != null && file.isDirectory() && file.listFiles() != null) {
for (File f : file.listFiles()) {
searchFiles.add(f);
}
continue;
}
String name = file.getName();
// Special case for "split_config" since android base module non-master apks are
// initially installed with the "split_config" prefix/name.
if (name.endsWith(".apk")
&& (name.startsWith(componentName) || name.startsWith("split_config"))
&& name.contains(pathAbi)) {
apkPaths.add(file.getAbsolutePath());
continue;
}
if (name.equals(aotSharedLibraryName)) {
soPaths.add(file.getAbsolutePath());
}
}
List<String> searchPaths = new ArrayList<>();
// Add the bare filename as the first search path. In some devices, the so
// file can be dlopen-ed with just the file name.
searchPaths.add(aotSharedLibraryName);
for (String path : apkPaths) {
searchPaths.add(path + "!lib/" + abi + "/" + aotSharedLibraryName);
}
for (String path : soPaths) {
searchPaths.add(path);
}
//打开so文件
flutterJNI.loadDartDeferredLibrary(loadingUnitId, searchPaths.toArray(new String[searchPaths.size()]));
}
3.2.4.修改Application的代码并删除
com.google.android.play:core的依赖。
override fun onCreate() {
super.onCreate()
val deferredComponentManager = CustomDeferredComponentsManager(this, null)
val injector = FlutterInjector.Builder().setDeferredComponentManager(deferredComponentManager).build()
FlutterInjector.setInstance(injector)
至此,核心代码全部实现完毕,其他细节代码可以见
https://coding.jd.com/jd_logistic/deferred_component_demo/,需要加权限的联系shenmingliang1即可。
官方实现方案对国内的使用来讲,最大的限制无疑是Google Play,本文实现了一个脱离Google Play限制的最小demo,验证了deferred components在国内使用的可行性。
参考:
作者:京东物流 沈明亮
内容来源:京东云开发者社区