RocketMQ有两种获取消息的方式,分别为推模式和拉模式。
推模式
推模式在【RocketMQ】消息的拉取一文中已经讲过,虽然从名字上看起来是消息到达Broker后推送给消费者,实际上还是需要消费向Broker发送拉取请求获取消息内容,推模式对应的消息消费实现类为DefaultMQPushConsumerImpl
,回顾一下推模式下的消息消费过程:
MQClientInstance
中引用了消息拉取服务PullMessageService
和负载均衡服务RebalanceService
,它们都继承了ServiceThread,MQClientInstance在启动后也会对它们进行启动,所以消息拉取线程和负载均衡线程也就启动了;PullRequest
拉取请求,用于拉取消息;PullMessageService
中等待阻塞队列中PullRequest
拉取请求的到来,接着会调用DefaultMQPushConsumerImpl
的pullMessage
方法进行消息拉取;推模式下进行消息消费的例子:
@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class DefaultMQPushConsumerTest {
private String consumerGroup;
private String topic = "FooBar";
private String brokerName = "BrokerA";
private MQClientInstance mQClientFactory;
@Mock
private MQClientAPIImpl mQClientAPIImpl;
private static DefaultMQPushConsumer pushConsumer;
@Before
public void init() throws Exception {
// ...
// 消费者组
consumerGroup = "FooBarGroup" + System.currentTimeMillis();
// 实例化DefaultMQPushConsumer
pushConsumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer(consumerGroup);
pushConsumer.setNamesrvAddr("127.0.0.1:9876");
// 设置拉取间隔
pushConsumer.setPullInterval(60 * 1000);
// 注册消息监听器
pushConsumer.registerMessageListener(new MessageListenerConcurrently() {
@Override
public ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus consumeMessage(List<MessageExt> msgs,
ConsumeConcurrentlyContext context) {
Optional.ofNullable(result).orElse(new ArrayList<MessageExt>()).stream().forEach(x-> {
// 处理消息
System.out.println(new String(x.getBody()));
});
return null;
}
});
// ...
// 设置订阅的主题
pushConsumer.subscribe(topic, "*");
// 启动消费者
pushConsumer.start();
}
}
消息推模式的详细过程可参考【RocketMQ】消息的拉取,接下来我们看一下拉模式。
拉模式
首先来看一下拉模式下进行消息消费的例子,拉模式下需要消费者不断调用poll方法获取消息,底层是一个阻塞队列,如果队列中没有数据,会进入等待直到队列中增加了数据:
private void testPull() {
// 创建DefaultLitePullConsumer
DefaultLitePullConsumer litePullConsumer = new DefaultLitePullConsumer("LitePullConsumerGroup");;
try {
litePullConsumer.setNamesrvAddr("127.0.0.1:9876");
litePullConsumer.subscribe("LitePullConsumerTest", "*");
litePullConsumer.start();
litePullConsumer.setPollTimeoutMillis(20 * 1000);
while(true) {
// 获取消息
List<MessageExt> result = litePullConsumer.poll();
Optional.ofNullable(result).orElse(new ArrayList<MessageExt>()).stream().forEach(x-> {
// 处理消息
System.out.println(new String(x.getBody()));
});
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
litePullConsumer.shutdown();
}
}
推模式与拉模式的区别
对比上面推模式进行消费的例子,从使用方式上来讲,推模式不需要消费者主动去拉取消息,只需要注册消息监听器,当有消息到达时,触发consumeMessage方法进行消息消费,从表面上看就像是Broker主动推送给消费者一样,所以叫做推模式,尽管底层还是需要消费者发起拉取请求向Broker拉取消息。
拉模式在使用方式上,需要消费者主动调用poll方法获取消息,从表面上看消费者需要不断主动进行消息拉取,所以叫做拉模式。
拉模式下对应的消息拉取实现类为DefaultLitePullConsumerImpl
,在DefaultLitePullConsumer
(DefaultMQPullConsumer
被标注了@Deprecated,已不推荐使用)的构造函数中,可以看到对其进行了实例化,并在start方进行了启动:
public class DefaultLitePullConsumer extends ClientConfig implements LitePullConsumer {
// 拉模式下默认的消息拉取实现类
private final DefaultLitePullConsumerImpl defaultLitePullConsumerImpl;
public DefaultLitePullConsumer(final String namespace, final String consumerGroup, RPCHook rpcHook) {
this.namespace = namespace;
this.consumerGroup = consumerGroup;
// 创建DefaultLitePullConsumerImpl
defaultLitePullConsumerImpl = new DefaultLitePullConsumerImpl(this, rpcHook);
}
@Override
public void start() throws MQClientException {
setTraceDispatcher();
setConsumerGroup(NamespaceUtil.wrapNamespace(this.getNamespace(), this.consumerGroup));
// 启动DefaultLitePullConsumerImpl
this.defaultLitePullConsumerImpl.start();
// ...
}
}
与消息推模式类似,DefaultLitePullConsumerImpl
的start的方法主要做一些初始化的工作:
MQClientInstance
,拉取服务线程、负载均衡线程都是通过MQClientInstance
启动的;RebalanceLitePullImpl
;PullAPIWrapper
,用于向Broker发送拉取消息的请求;public class DefaultLitePullConsumerImpl implements MQConsumerInner {
public synchronized void start() throws MQClientException {
switch (this.serviceState) {
case CREATE_JUST:
this.serviceState = ServiceState.START_FAILED;
this.checkConfig();
if (this.defaultLitePullConsumer.getMessageModel() == MessageModel.CLUSTERING) {
this.defaultLitePullConsumer.changeInstanceNameToPID();
}
// 初始化MQClientInstance
initMQClientFactory();
// 初始化负载均衡
initRebalanceImpl();
// 初始化消息拉取API对象
initPullAPIWrapper();
// 初始化拉取偏移量
initOffsetStore();
// 启动MQClientInstance
mQClientFactory.start();
// 启动一些定时任务
startScheduleTask();
this.serviceState = ServiceState.RUNNING;
log.info("the consumer [{}] start OK", this.defaultLitePullConsumer.getConsumerGroup());
operateAfterRunning();
break;
case RUNNING:
case START_FAILED:
case SHUTDOWN_ALREADY:
throw new MQClientException("The PullConsumer service state not OK, maybe started once, "
+ this.serviceState
+ FAQUrl.suggestTodo(FAQUrl.CLIENT_SERVICE_NOT_OK),
null);
default:
break;
}
}
}
拉取模式对应的负载均衡类为RebalanceLitePullImpl
(推模式使用的是RebalanceService
),在initRebalanceImpl方法中设置了消费者组、消费模式、分配策略等信息:
public class DefaultLitePullConsumerImpl implements MQConsumerInner {
// 实例化,拉模式使用的是RebalanceLitePullImpl
private RebalanceImpl rebalanceImpl = new RebalanceLitePullImpl(this);
private void initRebalanceImpl() {
// 设置消费者组
this.rebalanceImpl.setConsumerGroup(this.defaultLitePullConsumer.getConsumerGroup());
// 设置消费模式
this.rebalanceImpl.setMessageModel(this.defaultLitePullConsumer.getMessageModel());
// 设置分配策略
this.rebalanceImpl.setAllocateMessageQueueStrategy(this.defaultLitePullConsumer.getAllocateMessageQueueStrategy());
// 设置mQClientFactory
this.rebalanceImpl.setmQClientFactory(this.mQClientFactory);
}
}
在【RocketMQ】消息的拉取一文中已经讲到过,消费者启动后会进行负载均衡,对每个主题进行负载均衡,拉模式下处理逻辑也是如此,所以这里跳过中间的过程,进入到rebalanceByTopic
方法,可以负载均衡之后如果消费者负载的ProcessQueue发生了变化,会调用messageQueueChanged方法触发变更事件:
public abstract class RebalanceImpl {
private void rebalanceByTopic(final String topic, final boolean isOrder) {
switch (messageModel) {
case BROADCASTING: {
// ...
}
case CLUSTERING: {
Set<MessageQueue> mqSet = this.topicSubscribeInfoTable.get(topic);
List<String> cidAll = this.mQClientFactory.findConsumerIdList(topic, consumerGroup);
// ...
if (mqSet != null && cidAll != null) {
// ...
try {
// 分配消息队列
allocateResult = strategy.allocate(this.consumerGroup, this.mQClientFactory.getClientId(), mqAll, cidAll);
} catch (Throwable e) {
log.error("AllocateMessageQueueStrategy.allocate Exception. allocateMessageQueueStrategyName={}", strategy.getName(),
e);
return;
}
Set<MessageQueue> allocateResultSet = new HashSet<MessageQueue>();
if (allocateResult != null) {
allocateResultSet.addAll(allocateResult);
}
// 更新处理队列
boolean changed = this.updateProcessQueueTableInRebalance(topic, allocateResultSet, isOrder);
if (changed) {
log.info(
"rebalanced result changed. allocateMessageQueueStrategyName={}, group={}, topic={}, clientId={}, mqAllSize={}, cidAllSize={}, rebalanceResultSize={}, rebalanceResultSet={}",
strategy.getName(), consumerGroup, topic, this.mQClientFactory.getClientId(), mqSet.size(), cidAll.size(),
allocateResultSet.size(), allocateResultSet);
// 触发变更事件
this.messageQueueChanged(topic, mqSet, allocateResultSet);
}
}
break;
}
default:
break;
}
}
}
RebalanceLitePullImpl
的messageQueueChanged
方法中又调用了MessageQueueListener
的messageQueueChanged
方法触发消息队列改变事件:
public class RebalanceLitePullImpl extends RebalanceImpl {
@Override
public void messageQueueChanged(String topic, Set<MessageQueue> mqAll, Set<MessageQueue> mqDivided) {
MessageQueueListener messageQueueListener = this.litePullConsumerImpl.getDefaultLitePullConsumer().getMessageQueueListener();
if (messageQueueListener != null) {
try {
// 触发改变事件
messageQueueListener.messageQueueChanged(topic, mqAll, mqDivided);
} catch (Throwable e) {
log.error("messageQueueChanged exception", e);
}
}
}
}
MessageQueueListenerImpl
是DefaultLitePullConsumerImpl
的内部类,在messageQueueChanged
方法中,不管是广播模式还是集群模式,都会调用updatePullTask
更新拉取任务:
public class DefaultLitePullConsumerImpl implements MQConsumerInner {
class MessageQueueListenerImpl implements MessageQueueListener {
@Override
public void messageQueueChanged(String topic, Set<MessageQueue> mqAll, Set<MessageQueue> mqDivided) {
MessageModel messageModel = defaultLitePullConsumer.getMessageModel();
switch (messageModel) {
case BROADCASTING:
updateAssignedMessageQueue(topic, mqAll);
updatePullTask(topic, mqAll); // 更新拉取任务
break;
case CLUSTERING:
updateAssignedMessageQueue(topic, mqDivided);
updatePullTask(topic, mqDivided); // 更新拉取任务
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
}
在updatePullTask方法中,从拉取任务表taskTable中取出了所有的拉取任务进行遍历,taskTable中记录了之前分配的拉取任务,负载均衡之后可能发生变化,所以需要对其进行更新,这一步主要是处理原先分配给当前消费者的消息队列,在负载均衡之后不再由当前消费者负责,所以需要从taskTable中删除,之后调用startPullTask启动拉取任务:
public class DefaultLitePullConsumerImpl implements MQConsumerInner {
private final ConcurrentMap<MessageQueue, PullTaskImpl> taskTable =
new ConcurrentHashMap<MessageQueue, PullTaskImpl>();
private void updatePullTask(String topic, Set<MessageQueue> mqNewSet) {
// 从拉取任务表中获取之前分配的消息队列进行遍历
Iterator<Map.Entry<MessageQueue, PullTaskImpl>> it = this.taskTable.entrySet().iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
Map.Entry<MessageQueue, PullTaskImpl> next = it.next();
// 如果与重新进行负载均衡的主题一致
if (next.getKey().getTopic().equals(topic)) {
// 如果重新分配的消息队列集合中不包含此消息独立
if (!mqNewSet.contains(next.getKey())) {
next.getValue().setCancelled(true);
// 从任务表移除
it.remove();
}
}
}
// 启动拉取任务
startPullTask(mqNewSet);
}
}
startPullTask方法入参中传入的是负载均衡后重新分配的消息队列集合,在startPullTask中会对重新分配的集合进行遍历,如果taskTable中不包含某个消息队列,就构建PullTaskImpl对象,加入taskTable,这一步主要是处理负载均衡后新增的消息队列,为其构建PullTaskImpl加入到taskTable,之后将拉取消息的任务PullTaskImpl提交到线程池周期性的执行:
public class DefaultLitePullConsumerImpl implements MQConsumerInner {
private void startPullTask(Collection<MessageQueue> mqSet) {
// 遍历最新分配的消息队列集合
for (MessageQueue messageQueue : mqSet) {
// 如果任务表中不包含
if (!this.taskTable.containsKey(messageQueue)) {
// 创建拉取任务
PullTaskImpl pullTask = new PullTaskImpl(messageQueue);
// 加入到任务表
this.taskTable.put(messageQueue, pullTask);
// 将任务提交到线程池定时执行
this.scheduledThreadPoolExecutor.schedule(pullTask, 0, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
}
}
}
}
PullTaskImpl继承了Runnable,在run方法中的处理逻辑如下:
pull
方法进行消息拉取;ConsumeRequest
进行提交,也就是放到了阻塞队列中,后续消费者从队列中获取数据进行消费; public class PullTaskImpl implements Runnable {
private final MessageQueue messageQueue;
private volatile boolean cancelled = false;
private Thread currentThread;
@Override
public void run() {
// 如果未取消
if (!this.isCancelled()) {
this.currentThread = Thread.currentThread();
// ...
// 获取消息队列对应的ProcessQueue
ProcessQueue processQueue = assignedMessageQueue.getProcessQueue(messageQueue);
// ... 跳过一系列校验
long offset = 0L;
try {
// 获取拉取偏移量
offset = nextPullOffset(messageQueue);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("Failed to get next pull offset", e);
scheduledThreadPoolExecutor.schedule(this, PULL_TIME_DELAY_MILLS_ON_EXCEPTION, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
return;
}
if (this.isCancelled() || processQueue.isDropped()) {
return;
}
long pullDelayTimeMills = 0;
try {
SubscriptionData subscriptionData;
// 获取主题
String topic = this.messageQueue.getTopic();
// 获取主题对应的订阅信息SubscriptionData
if (subscriptionType == SubscriptionType.SUBSCRIBE) {
subscriptionData = rebalanceImpl.getSubscriptionInner().get(topic);
} else {
subscriptionData = FilterAPI.buildSubscriptionData(topic, SubscriptionData.SUB_ALL);
}
// 拉取消息
PullResult pullResult = pull(messageQueue, subscriptionData, offset, defaultLitePullConsumer.getPullBatchSize());
if (this.isCancelled() || processQueue.isDropped()) {
return;
}
// 判断拉取结果
switch (pullResult.getPullStatus()) {
case FOUND: // 如果获取到了数据
final Object objLock = messageQueueLock.fetchLockObject(messageQueue);
synchronized (objLock) { // 加锁
if (pullResult.getMsgFoundList() != null && !pullResult.getMsgFoundList().isEmpty() && assignedMessageQueue.getSeekOffset(messageQueue) == -1) {
processQueue.putMessage(pullResult.getMsgFoundList());
// 将拉取结果封装为ConsumeRequest,提交消费请求
submitConsumeRequest(new ConsumeRequest(pullResult.getMsgFoundList(), messageQueue, processQueue));
}
}
break;
case OFFSET_ILLEGAL:
log.warn("The pull request offset illegal, {}", pullResult.toString());
break;
default:
break;
}
updatePullOffset(messageQueue, pullResult.getNextBeginOffset(), processQueue);
} catch (InterruptedException interruptedException) {
log.warn("Polling thread was interrupted.", interruptedException);
} catch (Throwable e) {
pullDelayTimeMills = pullTimeDelayMillsWhenException;
log.error("An error occurred in pull message process.", e);
}
// ...
}
}
}
在submitConsumeRequest
方法中可以看到将创建的ConsumeRequest
对象放入了阻塞队列consumeRequestCache
中:
public class DefaultLitePullConsumerImpl implements MQConsumerInner {
// 阻塞队列
private final BlockingQueue<ConsumeRequest> consumeRequestCache = new LinkedBlockingQueue<ConsumeRequest>();
private void submitConsumeRequest(ConsumeRequest consumeRequest) {
try {
// 放入阻塞队列consumeRequestCache中
consumeRequestCache.put(consumeRequest);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
log.error("Submit consumeRequest error", e);
}
}
}
在前面的例子中,可以看到消费者是调用poll
方法获取数据的,进入到poll
方法中,可以看到是从consumeRequestCache中获取消费请求的,然后从中解析出消息内容返回:
public class DefaultLitePullConsumerImpl implements MQConsumerInner {
public synchronized List<MessageExt> poll(long timeout) {
try {
// ...
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + timeout;
// 从consumeRequestCache中获取数据进行处理
ConsumeRequest consumeRequest = consumeRequestCache.poll(endTime - System.currentTimeMillis(), TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
// ...
if (consumeRequest != null && !consumeRequest.getProcessQueue().isDropped()) {
// 获取消息内容
List<MessageExt> messages = consumeRequest.getMessageExts();
long offset = consumeRequest.getProcessQueue().removeMessage(messages);
assignedMessageQueue.updateConsumeOffset(consumeRequest.getMessageQueue(), offset);
this.resetTopic(messages);
// 返回消息内容
return messages;
}
} catch (InterruptedException ignore) {
}
return Collections.emptyList();
}
}
参考
RocketMQ版本:4.9.3