nginx+keepalived+pgsql+mysql+redis+tomcat离线部署过程

nginx,keepalived,pgsql,mysql,redis,tomcat,离线,部署,过程 · 浏览次数 : 48

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gcc pcre-devel openssl-devel zlib-devel离线安装包: 包含云盘地址.txt

离线部署java+nginx+tomcat+pgsql+redis.zip:

阿里云分享云盘不允许分享压缩包, 我是通过勾选创建自释放程序压缩出来的exe, 而后改的后缀名. 如果遇到解压不出, 可以将后缀名改回exe尝试一下

方法参考: https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv17830919

nginx

  • 复制 gcc-and-other 目录到/opt下

  • 其中包括gcc pcre-devel openssl-devel zlib-devel, 安装redis和nginx过程需要编译

  • 进入gcc-and-other目录下, 执行rpm -ivh *.rpm --nodeps --force

  • 复制nginx-1.22.1.tar.gz到/opt/下

  • 移动至opt下: cd /opt

  • 解压: tar -zxvf nginx-1.22.1.tar.gz

  • 进入: cd nginx-1.22.1/

  • 配置: ./configure

  • 编译: make

  • 安装: make install, 默认安装目录在/usr/local/nginx

  • 切换到安装目录: cd /usr/local/nginx

  • 修改配置文件: vim /conf/nginx.conf

    • 添加upstream mysservers节点
    # http下与server同级的地方
upstream myservers {
	# 可多个
	# 输入ip端口和权重
	server loocalhost:80 weight=1;
}
    • 在server节点下的location中注入
    server {
	listen 80;
	server_name: localhost;

	location / {
		proxy_pass http://myservers;
		proxy_redirect default;
		#root html;
		#index index.html index.htm;
	}
}

  • 注册service

    • 添加服务文件: vim /etc/systemd/system/nginx.service
    [Unit]
Description=Nginx HTTP Server
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStartPre=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
PrivateTmp=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

    • 可通过一下命令控制nginx

      • 刷新service的配置: systemctl daemon-reload

      • 开机自启: systemctl enable nginx

      • 启动: systemctl start nginx

      • 重新加载配置文件: systemctl reload nginx

      • 关闭: systemctl stop nginx

      • 查看运行状态: systemctl status nginx

  • 防火墙放行

    • 查看防火墙状态: systemctl status firewalld, 未启动的话启动一下

    • 添加端口放行: firewall-cmd --add-port=80/tcp --permanent

    • 刷新防火墙配置: firewall-cmd --reload

  • 启动nginx后在浏览器进行访问查看是否转发到目标服务器上; 也可以在配置转发之前查看启动是否正常, 但是修改配置文件后需要重启获取使用reload指令进行配置文件重载才可.

keepalived

参考: keepalive安装部署踩坑参考

  • 去https://www.keepalived.org/download.html上下载最新安装包

  • 复制到/opt下

  • 解压: tar -zxvf keepalived-2.2.7.tar.gz

  • 进入目录: cd keepalived-2.2.7/

  • 配置: ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived, 指定安装目录

  • 编译: make

  • 安装: make install

  • 进入安装目录: cd /usr/local/keepalived/

    会自动生成:

    drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 21 May  5 03:19 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 41 May  5 03:19 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 24 May  5 03:19 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 40 May  5 03:19 share

  • 新建配置文件(同目录下有配置文件的demo可参考): vim ./etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

    备用服务器上的state 填入BACK_UP, 优先级小一点. 其他一样

    ! Configuration File for keepalived

# 定义虚拟路由, 必须叫VI_1
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
	state MASTER #设置为主服务器, 备份服务器设置为BACKUP
	interface eth0 #监控的网络接口(ifconfig或者ip addr指令找出网卡)
	priority 100 #(优先级, 主机大一点, 备份机小一点)
	virtual_router_id 99 #同一个vrrp_instance下routerId必须是一致的

	authentication {
		auth_type PASS #vrrp认证方式主备必须一致
		auth_pass 12345 #密码
	}

	virtual_ipaddress {
		127.0.0.88 #虚拟ip, 主从一致, 可配置多个
	}
}

  • 修改service

    使用离线方式安装keepalived后会自动生成keepalived.service文件位置在: /usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service

    注: 一般系统的或者安装程序自动生成的service文件会在/usr/lib/systemd/system下

    用户自己配置的service一般会放在/etc/systemd/system/下, 两个目录下都可以用systemctl命令操作到.

    • 默认的keepalived.service文件

      [Unit]
Description=LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor
After=network-online.target syslog.target
Wants=network-online.target
Documentation=man:keepalived(8)
Documentation=man:keepalived.conf(5)
Documentation=man:genhash(1)
Documentation=https://keepalived.org

[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/run/keepalived.pid
KillMode=process
EnvironmentFile=-/usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived
ExecStart=/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived  $KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

    • 修改后的keepalived.service文件

      需要修改ExecStart命令后指向配置文件位置. -f /path/to/keepalived.conf

      (因为默认的配置文件都在/usr/local/keepalived/etc/内, 就没有往/etc/keepalived/内复制)

      [Unit]
Description=LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor
After=network-online.target syslog.target
Wants=network-online.target
Documentation=man:keepalived(8)
Documentation=man:keepalived.conf(5)
Documentation=man:genhash(1)
Documentation=https://keepalived.org

[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/run/keepalived.pid
KillMode=process
EnvironmentFile=-/usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived
ExecStart=/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived  $KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS -f /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

  • 使用systemctl控制

    • 重新加载service文件: systemctl daemon-reload

    • 设置开机自启: systemctl enable keepalived

    • 启动: systemctl start keepalived

    • 重启: systemctl restart keepalived

    • 关闭: systemctl stop keepalived

    • 查看运行状态: systemctl status keepalived

  • keepalived的默认日志在/var/log/messages下, 修改日志方法参考https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/c146541357d2fa4afdfc4c02.html, 此处就不修改了, 将服务器交给systemctl管理后, 看systemctl的日志即可.

  • 防火墙放行vrrp通信: firewall-cmd --add-rich-rule='rule protocol value="vrrp" accept' --permanent

  • 防火墙重载: firewall-cmd --reload

  • 检查通信是否正常: tcpdump -i eth0-nn host 224.0.0.18, 只有一个等级高为正常

  • 通过访问虚拟ip查看是否由正在工作的主或备来处理ip内的请求.

  • 具体安装步骤见另一篇博客: keepalived的简单使用

pgsql14

  • 复制pgsql文件夹到/opt/下

  • 安装libicu, 指令: rpm -ivh libicu-50.2-4.el7_7.x86_64.rpm

  • 安装pgsql, 按照顺序执行

    • rpm -ivh postgresql14-libs-14.4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm

    • rpm -ivh postgresql14-14.4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm

    • rpm -ivh postgresql14-server-14.4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm

  • 初始化数据库: /usr/pgsql-14/bin/postgresql-14-setup initdb

  • 启动

    • systemctl enable postgresql-14

    • systemctl start postgresql-14

  • 修改密码

    • 切换用户: su postgres

    • 切换sql模式: psql

    • 修改密码: alter user postgres with password 'admin123';

    • 退出: \q

    • 切换会root: su root

  • 修改配置文件

    • 监听和端口 vim /var/lib/pgsql/14/data/postgresql.conf

      • 监听修改成*: listen_addresses = '*'

      • 端口放开: port=5432

    • 添加ipv4规则: vim /var/lib/pgsql/14/data/pg_hba.conf, 添加一行

      host        all        all        0.0.0.0/0       md5

  • 重新启动: systemctl restart postgres-14

  • 端口放行

    • 放行: firewall-cmd --add-port=5432/tcp --permanent

    • 重载: firewall-cmd --reload

  • navicat测试链接

mysql8

安装参考: https://blog.csdn.net/millery22/article/details/124410947

  • 下载离线安装包 https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/

    • 版本: 8.0.32(安装时最新版本)
    • 操作系统: Red Hat Enterprise Linux / Oracle Linux
    • 系统版本: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 / Oracle Linuc 7 (x86, 64-bit)(centos 7.9 64位)
    • 安装包: Compressed TAR Archive (mysql-8.0.32-el7-x86_64.tar.gz)

  • 准备工作

    • 将安装包mysql-8.0.32-el7-x86_64.tar.gz复制到服务器上的/opt内

    • 解压: tar -zxvf mysql-8.0.32-el7-x86_64.tar.gz

    • 重命名: mv mysql-8.0.32-el7-x86_64 mysql

    • 移动到/usr/local下: mv mysql /usr/local

  • 卸载mariadb

    • 查看是否存在: rpm -qa | grep mariadb

    • 卸载: rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs

  • 创建mysql用户和用户组

    • groupadd mysql

    • useradd -g mysql mysql

  • 给/usr/local/mysql 目录付给mysql用户权限权限: chown -R mysql:mysql mysql/

  • 创建配置文件: vim /etc/my.cnf, 其中local_case_table_names=1是忽略大小写

    [mysql]
default-character-set=utf8mb4
[client]
#port=3306
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
user=mysql
general_log = 1
general_log_file= /var/log/mysql/mysql.log
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
basedir=/usr/local/mysql/
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin
innodb_data_home_dir=/usr/local/mysql/data
innodb_log_group_home_dir=/usr/local/mysql/data/
character-set-server=utf8mb4
lower_case_table_names=1
autocommit=1
default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password

symbolic-links=0
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.log
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.pid

#
# include all files from the config directory

  • 配置文件设置权限: chown 777 /etc/my.cnf

  • 环境变量

    • 打开: vim /etc/profile

    • 最后添加: export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib

    • 生效: source /etc/profile

  • 初始化: /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/ --initialize

    输出日志:

    2023-04-18T06:52:34.464698Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011070] [Server] 'Disabling symbolic links using --skip-symbolic-links (or equivalent) is the default. Consider not using this option as it' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
2023-04-18T06:52:34.464786Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010918] [Server] 'default_authentication_plugin' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use authentication_policy instead.
2023-04-18T06:52:34.464809Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.32) initializing of server in progress as process 11924
2023-04-18T06:52:34.480151Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2023-04-18T06:52:34.946560Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2023-04-18T06:52:36.589592Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: fGzmjdZXj0<p

    最后一行是默认密码

  • 复制mysql 执行文件, 并赋予执行权限, 先进去cd ./mysql

    cp -a ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql 
cp -a ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

  • mysql socket文件

    • 创建目录: mkdir /var/lib/mysql

    • 赋用户: chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql

  • 通过service操作 (start | stop | restart | reload | force-reload | status)

    • 启动: service mysql start

    • 重启: service mysql restart

    • 停止: service mysql stop

  • 启动起来, 修改密码

    • 进去MySQL: /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -p 回车输入密码(初始化数据时有)

    • 修改密码: ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'admin123';

    • 刷新: flush privileges;

    • exit退出, 再次连接测试密码

  • 配置远程连接, 需要是登录进状态

    • 进去mysql库: use mysql;

    • 更改访问限制: update user set host='%' where user = 'root';

    • 退出, 重启服务: service mysql restart

  • 端口放行

    • 放行: firewall-cmd --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent

    • 重载: firewall-cmd --reload

  • navicat测试连接

  • 配置service, 创建mysql.service: vim /etc/systemd/system/mysql.service

    [Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
User=mysql
ExecStart=/etc/init.d/mysql start
ExecStop=/etc/init.d/mysql stop

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

  • 关闭之前的mysql: service mysql stop

  • 重载: systemctl daemon-reload

  • 配置自启: systemctl enable mysql

  • 启动: syatemctl start mysql

redis7

  • 复制 gcc-and-other 目录到/opt下

其中包括gcc pcre-devel openssl-devel zlib-devel, 安装redis过程需要编译

  • 进入gcc-and-other目录下, 执行rpm -ivh *.rpm --nodeps --force

  • 复制redis-7.0.4.tar.gz到/opt下

  • 解压: tar -zxvf redis-7.0.4.tar.gz

  • 进入目录: cd redis-7.0.4

  • 编译: make

  • 安装: make install PREFIX=/usr/local/redis, 会在/usr/local/redis下生成bin目录

  • 复制一份redis配置文件: cp redis.conf /usr/local/redis/bin/

  • 修改配置文件 vim /usr/local/redis/bin/redis.conf

    • 守护进程: daemonize yes

    • 关闭只允许本地: # bind 127.0.0.1 或者改成 0.0.0.0

    • 关闭保护模式: protected-mode no

    • 端口: port 6379

    • 密码: requirepass admin123

    • 日志: logfile "/usr/local/redis/bin/redislog" // 路径不存在需要手动创建

  • 配置redis.service

    • vim /etc/systemd/system/redis.service

      [Unit]
Description=redis-server
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server /usr/local/redis/bin/redis.conf
PrivateTmp=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

  • systemctl 相关指令

    • 刷新: systemctl daemon-reload

    • 启动: systemctl start redis

    • 关闭: systemctl stop redis

    • 重启: systemctl restart redis

    • 自启: systemctl enable redis

    • 关闭自启: systemctl disable redis

    • 查看状态: systemctl status redis

    • 查看redis.service日志: journalctl -u redis.service

    • 查看脚本内容: systemctl cat redis或cat dir/redis.service

  • 端口放行

    • 放行: firewall-cmd --add-port=6379/tcp --permanent

    • 重载: firewall-cmd --reload

  • redis图形操作测试, 如rdm: https://codor.lanzoue.com/idvHXprxrpc

tomcat8

  • 复制文件apache-tomcat-8.5.81.tar.gz到/usr/local下

  • 解压文件apache-tomcat-8.5.81.tar.gz, 指令tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-8.5.81.tar.gz

  • 重命名mv apache-tomcat-8.5.81.tar.gz tomcat

  • 创建tomcat.service, vi /etc/systemd/system/tomcat.service, 并输入:

    [Unit]
Description=Tomcat Web Application Container
After=syslog.target network.target

[Service]
Type=forking

Environment=JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.181-7.b13.el7.x86_64/
Environment=CATALINA_PID=/usr/local/tomcat/temp/tomcat.pid
Environment=CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat/
Environment=CATALINA_BASE=/usr/local/tomcat/
Environment='CATALINA_OPTS=-Xms512M -Xmx1024M -server -XX:+UseParallelGC'

ExecStart=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
ExecStop=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh

User=root
Group=root
UMask=0007
RestartSec=10
Restart=always

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

  • 常用指令

    • 启用: systemctl enable tomcat

    • 开启: systemctl start tomcat

    • 查看状态: systemctl status tomcat

    • 停止: systemctl stop tomcat

    • 重启: systemctl restart tomcat

  • 检查是否启动成功:curl localhost:8080

  • 查看日志 tail /usr/local/tomcat/logs/catalina.out

  • 修改session时间, /usr/local/tomcat/conf/web.xml(修改此文件不需要重启tomcat)

    <session-config>
    <!-- change by codor and from 30 -->
    <session-timeout>720</session-timeout>
</session-config>

  • 端口放行

    • 放行 firewall-cmd --add-port=8080/tcp --permanent

    • 重启 firewall-cmd --reload

    • 检查, 同局域网内其他机器上curl ip:8080

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